The National Health and Health Commission held a press conference on December 17th to introduce the prevention and control of respiratory diseases in winter in China.

Respiratory diseases reception in medical institutions across the country showed a downward trend

Mi Feng, spokesperson of the National Health and Health Commission, said that recently, the total amount of outpatient and emergency respiratory diseases in medical institutions across the country showed a downward trend. All localities actively expand medical resources and continuously increase relevant outpatient and emergency clinics and inpatient beds. Secondary hospitals, maternal and child health hospitals, Chinese medicine hospitals and primary medical and health institutions have effectively played a diversion role.

According to the monitoring, the number of fever clinics and consulting rooms at the grass-roots level accounts for about 44% of the number of fever clinics and consulting rooms in medical institutions in China, which effectively meets the medical needs of patients.

Pay special attention to respiratory pathogen infection in cold weather

According to the National Health and Health Commission, in recent days, heavy rain, snow and strong cold wave have occurred in many places across the country. The sudden drop in temperature may induce respiratory, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, aggravate chronic basic diseases, and may also cause frostbite. Keep warm and cold, especially keep your head, chest and abdomen warm, pay attention to anti-skid and anti-fall when going out, and try to avoid staying outdoors for a long time.

Pay special attention to respiratory pathogen infection in cold weather. Infants, children, pregnant women and the elderly reduce going out and balance nutrition; If people with chronic basic diseases have aggravated symptoms, they should take medicine for medical treatment in time; In case of emergency, outdoor workers should stop working and enter warm places as soon as possible.

What is the spread status of Novel Coronavirus variant JN.1 in China?

Chang Zhaorui, a researcher at the Infectious Diseases Management Office of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, introduced that Novel Coronavirus variant JN.1 is a subbranch of BA.2. 86. The global monitoring results show that after November, the global proportion of BA.2. 86 variants, especially JN.1 sub-branches, has obviously accelerated, and has become one of the dominant epidemic strains in some countries.

On November 21st, the World Health Organization adjusted BA.2. 86 from a variant strain that needs to be monitored globally to a variant strain that needs attention, and evaluated the risk of clinical severe infection as low, while the overall evaluation of public health risk was low.

The monitoring results of Novel Coronavirus variants in China show that at present, the proportion of BA.2. 86 variants in the reported sequences in China is very low, but the proportion of imported cases has increased rapidly since November, and the growth trend has gradually converged with the world.

Experts believe that Novel Coronavirus infection in China is at a low epidemic level at present, and the proportion of BA.2. 86 and its subbranches is very low. At present, the public health risk of this variant strain in China is low. Up to now, no unknown new viruses and bacteria have been found in the monitoring of respiratory diseases pathogens in China.

How often do masks need to be replaced?

How to choose the right mask for different occasions.

According to experts, wearing masks correctly is the premise of playing the role of masks in preventing the spread of respiratory diseases. Mask replacement and mask selection are both issues that need attention when wearing masks correctly.

Mask replacement

For disposable medical masks and surgical mask, it is recommended that the cumulative use time of a single mask should not exceed 8 hours. The mask of occupational exposure personnel shall be used for no more than 4 hours, but shall not be reused. KN95, N95 protective masks, disposable medical masks or surgical mask have no special difference in replacement frequency.

Replace the mask immediately after it is contaminated by respiratory or nasal secretions and other body fluids.

Mask selection

Experts said that cotton masks can't effectively block pathogens transmitted by respiratory droplets and aerosols. It is suggested that the public should choose masks scientifically according to the relevant requirements of mask guidelines, combined with their own health status and environment.

In addition, it is not advisable to wear multiple masks to keep warm or prevent infection. Wearing multiple masks can not only increase the protective effect, but also increase the respiratory resistance and may destroy the tightness of masks.

What should we pay attention to in clinical medication of respiratory tract infection in children?

Experts say that children's medication is different from adults, and parents should pay special attention

Parents should not give their children antibacterial drugs without the guidance of doctors.

After the symptoms of respiratory tract infection subside, cough usually lasts for several weeks, which is a process of self-protection and repair of human body, and most of them can gradually subside without intervention. It is not recommended to use antitussive drugs routinely.

Pay attention to drug interaction, avoid using antipyretics and compound cold medicines containing antipyretic and analgesic components at the same time, and avoid using ready-for-use traditional Chinese medicine with the same function or repeated components, which will increase the risk of adverse reactions.

Some parents report that children have a long course of disease after infection, and experts say-

If it is influenza virus infection, it usually presents an acute course of disease, most symptoms disappear within 3-5 days of onset, and most of them recover within 1 week.

If mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is mostly a self-limited course, most of the pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae is mild, and only a few develop into severe cases. After standardized treatment, the lung inflammation will be gradually absorbed, and the prognosis is generally good, which will not cause irreversible damage or sequelae to children's lungs. The course of mycoplasma pneumonia is generally 2 weeks to 4 weeks.

In addition, some children will be infected by influenza virus, mycoplasma and other pathogens, which will lead to a longer course of disease.